Lighting solutions, broadly defined, comprises many types of devices, which can most broadly be classified as light fixtures, light sources and their accessories. Light fixtures are electrical appliances in which light sources such as incandescent lamps with E14, E27, GU10 or other holders are fitted. Light fixtures which facilitate replacement a spent or failed light source are generally older type luminaires. Currently, one of the most popular types of fixtures are luminaires, which are equipped with non-replaceable light sources – usually LED modules. The light fixtures can also be classified into open or sealed. Where a light fixture is exposed to moisture or dust, it is hermetically sealed with an IP rating.
The first light sources (the main series incandescent bulbs) gave off more than 90% of the converted electrical energy as heat, making them inefficient for illumination. The luminous flux of a traditional 100-watt incandescent bulb was 1521 lumens (1.5 lm/1W). Technological advances and the invention of LEDs have brought current sources with efficiencies of up to 210 lm/W and a lifespan of 50,000h.